Citations are widely recognized as being an important and distinctive property of academic texts. As a consequence, the presence or absence of citations allows the casual reader to get an immediate sense of whether a text is an “academic” or “popular” one. Because citation is such an obvious surface phenomenon, it has been much discussed in the academic world. Indeed, there are several theories about the role and purpose of citations in academic texts.
For example scientific people support the idea of that citations are used to show respect to previous researchers. Authors use citations to tell that they recognize the history of the realm, and they show define previous achievements of other authors.
Also there is opinion which is widely proposed by standard practice guides. They think that citations are the matter of ethics that are used to define the intellectual property rights of author; and it's defense against plagiarism.
However, there are some individuals that have interesting and considerable opinions. For example Bavelas (1978) says that citations are just the evidence that show the author belongs to a scholarly community. Similarly Gilbert (1977) tells that writers use citations in order to give greater authority to his work. Whereas Swales (1990) proposes that citations are used to indicate what has been done in this research area, and what is going to be done by the writer. There are even individuals like Ravetz (1971) think that the citations are type of mutual reward system. Ravetz thinks that writers decide to use citation rather than paying money to other authors for their contribution.
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